Tiroiditis subaguda posterior a la administración de la vacuna COVID-19. Presentación de tres casos clínicos / Subacute thyroiditis following COVID-19 vaccine administration. Presentation of three clinical cases

La tiroiditis subaguda (TSA) es un trastorno inflamatorio autolimitado de la glándula tiroides. Es más común en mujeres y se caracteriza por dolor cervical, síntomas inflamatorios sistémicos y disfunción tiroidea. La TSA se ha asociado a una infección viral previa, generalmente respiratoria o enteral. Múltiples virus se han relacionado con TSA. Desde mayo de 2020 se reportaron casos de TSA relacionados con la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Describimos 3 casos de SAT después de la vacuna COVID-19. Dos casos fueron inoculados con vacuna SARS-CoV-2 inactivada (CoronaVac) y uno con vacuna de ARNm Pfizer-BioNTech. Los síntomas clínicos comenzaron pocas semanas después de la inoculación. Presentaron dolor cervical anterior, fiebre, astenia y tirotoxicosis transitoria. En todos los casos la evolución fue favorable. Hasta donde sabemos, estos son los primeros casos de SAT posteriores a la vacuna COVID-19 descritos en Chile.

Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a self-limited inflammatory disorder of the thyroid gland. The disease is more common in women and is characterized by neck pain, systemic symptoms, and thyroid dysfunction. SAT It has been associated with viral, respiratory or enteral infection. Multiple viruses had been related to SAT. Since May 2020, cases of SAT related to SARS-CoV-2 infection were reported. We describe 3 cases of SAT following COVID-19 vaccine. Two cases were inoculated with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) and one with mRNA vaccine Pfizer­BioNTech. The clinical symptoms began few weeks after inoculation. They presented with neck pain, fever, general malaise and transient thyrotoxicosis. All cases revered spontaneously. To our knowledge, these are the first cases of SAT following COVID-19 vaccine described in Chile.

Subacute thyroiditis and rapidly developing goiter in a 16-year-old female: a case report / Tiroiditis Sub-aguda asociada a bocio nodular en una paciente de 16 años; reporte de un caso

Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is an inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland with multiple etiologies and clinical features, often challenging to recognize. The classic presentation is the painful, granulomatous thyroiditis (DeQuervain's) characterized by diffuse swelling of the gland, usually preceded by an upper respiratory tract infection. A painless variant, also referred to as autoimmune subacute thyroiditis, has been documented and is strongly linked to postpartum state, reported following ~10% of pregnancies. It can be differentiated from the former by the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies, which classifies it as an autoimmune thyroiditis. Any spontaneous development of painful swelling of the thyroid gland warrants a complete work up that includes thyroid hormones, thyroid autoimmune panel, acute phase reactant titers, and, if available, imaging that may lead to the diagnosis of an inflammatory or infectious cause of thyroiditis.

Tiroiditis Subaguda, es una enfermedad inflamatoria de la glándula Tiroides que tiene muchas etiologías y características clínicas, y frecuentemente difícil de reconocer. La presentación clásica es: tiroiditis granu-lomatosa dolorosa caracterizada de hinchazón difusa de la glándula del Tiroides, usualmente precedida de una infección respiratoria de las vías áreas superior (como una infección viral). Existe una variante sin dolor, tam-bién referida como tiroiditis subaguda autoinmune, ha sido documentado y es muy ligada al estado postparto, en un 10% de los embarazos. La Tiroiditis postparto Puede ser diferenciada de la anterior por la presencia de anticuerpos lo que la clasifica como una tiroiditis auto-inmune. Cualquier desarrollo espontaneo de una hin-chazón dolorosa de la tiroides garantiza su evaluación de una manera formal, que incluye las hormonas del tiroides, panel tiroideo de autoinmunidad títulos de los factores que reaccionan agudamente, y si está disponible imágenes como una ultrasonografía que conlleva al di-agnóstico de una Tiroiditis inflamatoria o de origen in-feccioso.

Subacute thyroiditis associated with COVID-19 infection: a report of an increasing entity

SUMMARY In March 2020, the World Health Organization characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic. By May 2021, 37 cases of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had been reported in the literature. We report a patient diagnosed with SAT associated with COVID-19 and review the previously reported cases. A 31-year-old female with no significant previous history developed SAT 5 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. She presented with anterior neck pain and fever. Thyroid function tests revealed hyperthyroidism with slightly increased inflammatory markers. Thyroid ultrasound showed diffuse hypoechoic left lobe and a hypoechoic area in the right lobe. On the fine-needle-aspiration biopsy, large histiocytes, disrupted and normal follicles, and multinucleated giant cells within colloid were seen. Under oral corticosteroid therapy, clinical progression was rapid. Seven weeks later, all thyroid function tests and inflammatory markers normalized. During the recent viral outbreak, clinicians should keep in mind the possibility of SAT after COVID-19, and patients with symptoms of SAT should be tested for SARS-CoV-2.

Two cases of subacute thyroiditis after different types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

SUMMARY Although the development of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) following viral infections is well-documented, the actual mechanism has not been clearly elucidated. The occurrence of SAT after vaccination has been reported in several case series and possible mechanisms such as molecular mimicry due to the exposure to viral proteins and/or abnormal reactogenicity by adjuvants have been implicated. We describe two cases who developed SAT three days after the messenger RNA vaccine against COVID-19 (Pfizer-BioNTech®) and six days after the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (CoronaVac®). SAT diagnosis of these patients was delayed for more than two weeks. When the current cases were evaluated together with 1 Pfizer-BioNTech® and 3 CoronaVac® related cases reported previously, the patients were female aged between 30-42, except for the male patient we presented, and the complaints of the patients initiated within the first 2-7 days. While two Pfizer-BioNTech® vaccine-related cases were severely symptomatic and thyrotoxic at presentation, there were cases with mild to moderate clinical manifestations in CoronaVac® vaccine-related group. Physicians should be aware of SAT that may occur within a few days following the COVID-19 vaccination.

Tiroiditis subaguda asociada con covid 19: reporte de tres casos / Subacute thyroiditis associated with covid 19: report of three cases

La tiroiditis subaguda (TSA) es la inflamación de la glándula tiroides, generalmente de origen viral. Ante la actual pandemia del Covid 19, se han reportado casos de TSA en pacientes recuperados de infección por SARS-CoV-2. Presentamos tres casos de TSA en pacientes recuperados de una infección por SARS-COV-2.

Subacute thyroiditis (TSA) is inflammation of the thyroid gland, usually of viral origin. Faced with the current Covid 19 pandemic, TSA cases have been reported in patients recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection. We present three cases of TSA in patients recovered from a SARS-COV-2 infection.

Tiroiditis subaguda y tirotoxicosis posterior a vacuna contra SARS-CoV-2: reporte de 2 casos / Subacute thyroiditis and thyrotoxicosis after SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: report of 2 cases

La enfermedad por coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 que surgió en el año 2019 (COVID-19), ha obligado al rápido desarrollo de vacunas para prevenir su propagación e intentar controlar la pandemia. Dentro de las vacunas desarrolladas, las primeras en ser aprobadas con una tecnología nueva en el campo de la vacunación, fueron las vacunas basadas en ARNm (ácido ribonucleico mensajero), que lograron tasas de efectividad cercanas al 95 % para la prevención de la enfermedad COVID-19 grave. Los eventos adversos comunes son reacciones locales leves, pero ha habido varios informes de pacientes que desarrollaron tiroiditis subaguda y disfunción tiroidea después de recibir la vacuna contra SARS-CoV-2. Este artículo presenta dos casos de tiroiditis subaguda poco después de recibir la vacuna contra COVID-19

The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus disease which emerged in 2019 (COVID-19), has forced the rapid development of vaccines to prevent the spread of infection and attempt to control the pandemic. Among the vaccines developed, one of the first to be approved with a new technology in the field of vaccination, was the mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) vaccine, with rates of effectiveness close to 95% for the prevention of severe COVID-19 disease. Common adverse events are mild local reactions, but there have been some reports of patients developing sub-acute thyroiditis and thyroid dysfunction after receiving the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. This article presents two case reports of subacute thyroiditis shortly after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine

The contribution of ultrasonographic findings to the prognosis of subacute thyroiditis

ABSTRACT Objective Ultrasound assessment plays an important role in the diagnosis, and monitoring of subacute thyroiditis (SAT). However, the relationship between ultrasonographic findings and severity or prognosis of the disease is not known. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between bilateral and unilateral disease involvement and severity and prognosis of the disease. Subjects and methods The initial laboratory values, ultrasonographic findings and long-term outcomes of 247 SAT patients were evaluated retrospectively. Results In the ultrasonographic evaluation, bilateral involvement was detected in 154 patients, and unilateral involvement in 93 patients at the time of diagnosis. No significant difference was found between patients with bilateral or unilateral disease at the time of diagnosis in respect of the initial acute phase reactants. FT4 was significantly higher and TSH was significantly lower in the group with bilateral disease. Bilobar or unilobar disease on ultrasound at the time of diagnosis was not found to be a risk factor for permanent hypothyroidism or recurrence. The mean thyroid volume was determined to be 22.5 ± 10 cm3 at the beginning of treatment, and 11.2 ± 8 cm3 at the end of treatment. The initial thyroid volume and the thyroid volume at the end of treatment were significantly lower in patients who developed hypothyroidism. Conclusion There was no relationship between initial acute phase reactants and bilateral or unilateral involvement of the disease. FT4 levels were found to be associated with the extension of the disease. The risk of recurrence and permanent hypothyroidism are not associated with the initial ultrasonographic aspect. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2020;64(3):306-11

Transiently Altered Distribution of F-18 FDG in a Patient with Subacute Thyroiditis / 대한핵의학회잡지

F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is a highly influential radiotracer that provides valuable information in many cancer types. However, the normal biodistribution of F-18 FDG is often variable and can be altered by intrinsic or iatrogenic factors. We report a case of diffuse symmetrically increased skeletal muscle uptake and relatively decreased hepatic uptake on F-18 FDG PET/CT in a 57-year-old female with pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Detailed clinical evaluation and retrospective radiologic evaluation revealed that she had been diagnosed with subacute thyroiditis 2 weeks ago. After 6 weeks, F-18 FDG distribution was normalized at the follow-up PET/CT study.

High Prevalence of Thyroid Disease and Role of Salivary Gland Scintigraphy in Patients with Xerostomia / 대한핵의학회잡지

PURPOSE: Although Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is the most common disease causing xerostomia, autoimmune thyroid diseases can also affect the salivary glands. The aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of thyroid diseases (TD) in subjects with symptoms of xerostomia and evaluate the efficacy of salivary gland scintigraphy (SGS) in the detection of TD in patients with SS and without SS.METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the SGS findings of 173 subjects (men:women, 29:144) with symptoms of xerostomia. Ejection fractions (EF) in the parotid and submandibular glands were calculated. Thyroid disease was diagnosed on the basis of the results of the visual assessment of tracer uptake in the thyroid gland on SGS images as well as serological thyroid function tests.RESULTS: Based on the American-European Criteria, 94 patients were diagnosed with SS. Hashimoto's thyroiditis was diagnosed in 63 patients, subacute thyroiditis in 23, subclinical hypothyroidism in five, and Graves' disease in one. There were significant differences in the EF values of the parotid and submandibular glands between patients with TD and those with undetermined diagnoses.CONCLUSIONS: More than half of patients with xerostomia exhibited TD. Thyroid assessment by SGS is feasible, and SGS appears to be useful for the patients with xerostomia caused by TD. SGS may be the first imaging modality capable of evaluating both salivary gland function and thyroid gland status in patients with xerostomia. This strategy would make the requirement for additional workup for thyroid disease.

Surgical Treatment for Riedel's Thyroiditis: a Case Report

Riedel's thyroiditis is a rare fibrotic condition that results in the destruction of the thyroid and infiltration into surrounding tissues. The exact etiology is not yet clear, although systemic fibrosing disorder, a variant of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, a primary inflammatory disorder of the thyroid, and even a manifestation of end-stage subacute thyroiditis has been suggested. Although various treatments have been applied, no definitive treatment has yet been established. We report a case of Riedel's thyroiditis treated without complications using microscopic surgery. A 54-year-old man visited our clinic presenting with neck tightness and a left neck mass. A gun biopsy revealed a benign thyroid mass, although the radiologic findings showed a malignant thyroid tumor with invasion into the trachea and strap muscles. The patient underwent a left hemi-thyroidectomy and shaving of the trachea, esophagus and recurrent laryngeal nerve under microscopy. The final pathology revealed Riedel's thyroiditis combined with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The patient had symptomatic relief without vocal fold paralysis and hypocalcemia. Surgical treatment using microscopic dissection can be considered to be one of treatment option for Riedel's thyroiditis.

Painless thyroiditis associated to thyroid carcinoma: role of initial ultrasonography evaluation

Even though it is a rare event, most associations of thyroid carcinoma with subacute thyroiditis described in the literature are related to its granulomatous form (Quervain’s thyroiditis). We present a patient with subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis (painless thyroiditis) and papillary thyroid cancer that was first suspected in an initial ultrasound evaluation. A 30-year old female patient who was referred to the emergency room due to hyperthyroidism symptoms was diagnosed with painless thyroiditis established by physical examination and laboratory findings. With the presence of a palpable painless thyroid nodule an ultrasound was prescribed and the images revealed a suspicious thyroid nodule, microcalcification focus in the heterogeneous thyroid parenquima and cervical lymphadenopathy. Fine needle aspiration biopsy was taken from this nodule; cytology was assessed for compatibility with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Postsurgical pathology evaluation showed a multicentric papillary carcinoma and lymphocytic infiltration. Subacute thyroiditis, regardless of type, may produce transitory ultrasound changes that obscure the coexistence of papillary carcinoma. Due to this, initial thyroid ultrasound evaluation should be delayed until clinical recovery. We recommended a thyroid ultrasound exam for initial evaluation of painless thyroiditis, particularly in patients with palpable thyroid nodule. Further cytological examination is recommended in cases presenting with suspect thyroid nodule and/or non-nodular hypoechoic (> 1 cm) or heterogeneous areas with microcalcification focus.

Tiroiditis subaguda con ausencia de captación cintigráfica unilateral inicial / Subacute thyroiditis with initial unilateralabsence of scintigraphic uptake

Subacute thyroiditis is a transient inflammatory process of the thyroid gland and the most common cause of painful thyroiditis. It usually involves the whole thyroid. We present a clinical case of a 45 years old woman developing tachycardia, fever and painful sensation in the left anterior cervical region after an upper respiratory tract infection. In addition the patient presented an enlarged and painful left thyroid lobe. Laboratory analysis demonstrated elevated acute phase reactants, high T4 levels and suppressed thyrotropin with absence of antithyroid antibodies. Thyroid scintigram showed an absent left radioactive iodine uptake. One month later the patient started with malaise, fatigue with an enlarged painful right thyroid lobe. A new scintigram showed complete absence of radioactive iodine uptake. A course of prednisone was initiated with excellent clinical response. Four months later the patient was asymptomatic with normal thyroid function.

Subacute Thyroiditis and Painless Thyroiditis: Clinical Characteristics of 221 Patients Diagnosed between 2009 and 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In the past, subacute thyroiditis causing thyrotoxicosis included both painful and painless subgroup, but it is representative for the painful subacute thyroiditis these days. So we evaluated the clinical and laboratory characteristics of subacute thyroiditis and compared with the painless (silent) thyroiditis, and identified predictive factors of permanent hypothyroidism and recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective case series study analyzing clinical data of 221 consecutive patients diagnosed between 2009 and 2015. Medical records were reviewed for diagnostic route, age distribution, laboratory data, clinical course and long-term follow up outcome. RESULTS: The mean age was 48 years; female v/s male ratio 3.4:1. Median disease duration was 110 days; mean peak free T4 level was 2.9 ng/dL. 56.7% of painless thyroiditis patients were diagnosed on health checkup or routine thyroid function test with symptoms not typically associated with thyrotoxicosis. Permanent hypothyroidism was not uncommon (11/221; 5.0%). Higher peak thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was associated with permanent hypothyroidism in painless thyroiditis. Lower peak TSH was associated with recurrence rate in both subacute and painless thyroiditis. In painless thyroiditis, short duration of thyrotoxicosis phase was also associated with recurrence rate. CONCLUSION: Considerable numbers of painless thyroiditis without symptoms were diagnosed on health checkup. Higher peak TSH was associated with permanent hypothyroidism in painless thyroiditis. Recurrence rate was related with lower peak TSH in both groups.

Subacute Thyroiditis and Painless Thyroiditis: Clinical Characteristics of 221 Patients Diagnosed between 2009 and 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In the past, subacute thyroiditis causing thyrotoxicosis included both painful and painless subgroup, but it is representative for the painful subacute thyroiditis these days. So we evaluated the clinical and laboratory characteristics of subacute thyroiditis and compared with the painless (silent) thyroiditis, and identified predictive factors of permanent hypothyroidism and recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective case series study analyzing clinical data of 221 consecutive patients diagnosed between 2009 and 2015. Medical records were reviewed for diagnostic route, age distribution, laboratory data, clinical course and long-term follow up outcome. RESULTS: The mean age was 48 years; female v/s male ratio 3.4:1. Median disease duration was 110 days; mean peak free T4 level was 2.9 ng/dL. 56.7% of painless thyroiditis patients were diagnosed on health checkup or routine thyroid function test with symptoms not typically associated with thyrotoxicosis. Permanent hypothyroidism was not uncommon (11/221; 5.0%). Higher peak thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was associated with permanent hypothyroidism in painless thyroiditis. Lower peak TSH was associated with recurrence rate in both subacute and painless thyroiditis. In painless thyroiditis, short duration of thyrotoxicosis phase was also associated with recurrence rate. CONCLUSION: Considerable numbers of painless thyroiditis without symptoms were diagnosed on health checkup. Higher peak TSH was associated with permanent hypothyroidism in painless thyroiditis. Recurrence rate was related with lower peak TSH in both groups.

Clinical features and outcomes of subacute thyroiditis in Thai patients / Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies

@#<b>OBJECTIVE</b>: To report the clinical characteristics and outcomes of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) patients at the Theptarin Hospital Thyroid Clinic. Methodology. A retrospective review of medical records of SAT patients in the Theptarin Hospital from January 2007 to December 2013 was conducted. Clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, modes of treatment and complications were recorded. <br /><br /><b>RESULTS</b>: From January 2007 to December 2013, SAT was diagnosed in 149 patients, with the occurrence of SAT peaking in October and November. Of 115 patients who had complete follow-up data, mean age was 43.8±10.8 years, 88.7% were women, and SAT was preceded by an upper respiratory tract infection in 68.7%. Oral prednisolone was given in 83 cases (72.2%) at a median starting dose of 30 mg/day and was continued for a median duration of 49 days. Recurrence of SAT during the tapering period of oral prednisolone was observed in 12% of patients, resulting in reinitiation of steroid in 13% of patients for late recurrence. Transient and permanent hypothyroidism developed in 6.1% and 8.7% of patients respectively. <br /><br /><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>: SAT in Thai patients showed seasonal clustering during October and November. Recurrences of SAT were common in the course of steroid treatment. SAT patients require careful follow-up during steroid treatment and long-term surveillance for thyroid dysfunction.

A Case of Graves' Disease Occurring after Subacute Thyroiditis / 대한내과학회지

Graves' disease following subacute thyroiditis is uncommon. Some patients in these cases showed positive for thyroid antibody only transiently in the resolving phase. However, Graves' disease can rarely be caused by the presence of antibodies after subacute thyroiditis, although the pathophysiology of this is unclear. A 40-year-old woman presented with anterior neck pain and swallowing difficulty. Thyroid function testing showed reduced thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and elevated free thyroxine levels. A thyroid scan revealed decreased uptake in the bilateral thyroid gland. The patient was initially diagnosed with subacute thyroiditis and treated with steroids. Five months later, thyroid function testing showed recurrent hyperthyroidism with positive conversion of TSH receptor antibody, indicating Graves' disease. Since then, she needed the long-term methimazole treatment. In summary, we herein report a case of Graves' disease occurring after subacute thyroiditis.

Tiroiditis no-autoinmunes / Non-autoimmune thyroiditis

El término tiroiditis comprende un grupo de enfermedades de la glándula tiroides caracterizado por la presencia de inflamación, abarcando entidades autoinmunes y no-autoinmunes. Pueden manifestarse como enfermedades agudas con dolor tiroideo severo (tiroiditis subaguda y tiroiditis infecciosas), y condiciones en las cuales la inflamación no es clínicamente evidente, cursando sin dolor y presentando disfunción tiroidea y/o bocio (tiroiditis inducida por fármacos y tiroiditis de Riedel). El objetivo de esta revisión es aportar un enfoque actualizado sobre las tiroiditis no-autoinmunes cubriendo sus aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos.

The term thyroiditis comprises a group of thyroid diseases characterized by the presence of inflammation, including autoimmune and non-autoimmune entities. It may manifest as an acute illness with severe thyroid pain (subacute thyroiditis and infectious thyroiditis), and conditions in which the inflammation is not clinically evident evolving without pain and presenting primarily thyroid dysfunction and/or goiter (drug-induced thyroiditis and Riedel thyroiditis). The aim of this review is to provide an updated approach on non-autoimmune thyroiditis and its clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects.

Papillary thyroid cancer case masked by subacute thyroiditis / Caso de carcinoma papilar de tiroide mascarado por tireoidite subaguda

Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) association with thyroid carcinoma has been rarely reported in the literature. We present a patient with SAT and papillary thyroid cancer that was suspected by ultrasonographic evaluation (US) following SAT treatment. A fifty-four-year old female patient referred to our department due to tachycardia, jitteriness and pain in cervical region for the past one month. SAT diagnosis was established by physical examination, laboratory and ultrasonographic findings. After treatment, control thyroid US revealed regression of the hypoechogenic regions seen in both lobes, and a previously unreported hypoechogenic lesion with microcalcification focus that had irregular borders and was not clearly separated from the surrounding parenchyma located in the posterior aspect of the lobe (Elasto score: 4, Strain index: 7.08). Fine needle aspiration biopsy was taken from this nodule; cytology was assessed to be compatible with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Postsurgical pathology evaluation showed a papillary microcarcinoma. SAT may produce ultrasound changes that obscure the coexistence of papillary carcinoma. We recommend that patients with SAT have ultrasonography after they recover. Hypoechogenic regions bigger than 1 cm that are present in the follow-up post-therapy US should be assessed by biopsy.

A associação da tireoidite subaguda (TSA) com o carcinoma de tiroide foi raramente relatada na literatura. Apresentamos uma paciente com TSA e tumor papilar de tiroide suspeito na ultrassonografia (US) após o tratamento para a TSA. Uma mulher de 54 anos de idade foi encaminhada ao nosso departamento com taquicardia, agitação e dor na região cervical, com duração de 1 mês. O diagnóstico de TSA foi estabelecido pelo exame físico, e pelos achados laboratoriais e ultrassonográficos. Depois do tratamento, o US para controle da tiroide mostrou regressão das regiões hipoecoicas vistas em ambos os lobos e uma lesão hipoecoica anteriormente não observada com focos de microcalcificação, bordas irregulares, não claramente separada do parênquima circundante e localizada na região posterior do lobo. (Escore elástico: 4, índice de deformação: 7,08). Foi feita uma biópsia do nódulo por meio de aspiração por agulha fina. A citologia mostrou-se compatível com um carcinoma papilar de tiroide. A avaliação pós-cirúrgica mostrou um microcarcinoma papilar. A TSA pode produzir alterações ultrassonográficas que obscurecem a coexistência de carcinoma papilar. Recomendamos que pacientes com TSA passem por exame ultrassonográfico após a recuperação. Regiões hipoecoicas maiores que 1 cm encontradas no US para acompanhamento pós-tratamento devem ser avaliadas por biópsia.

A Case of Graves' Disease Following Subacute Thyroiditis Presented with Creeping / 대한갑상선학회지

The occurrence of Graves' disease following subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is rare. The pathophysiology of it is not well known. We report a case of Graves' disease following SAT presented with creeping. A 45-year-old woman presented with neck pain, and thyrotoxic symptoms. Neck pain migrated from left lobe to right lobe of the thyroid. Thyroid scan revealed decreased uptake in the both lobes except the superior portion of the right thyroid gland. Initially, the patient was diagnosed with SAT and treated with steroid therapy. Four months later, thyroid function test showed suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), elevated free thyroxine (T4) and TSH receptor antibody. Thyroid scan revealed increased uptake compatible with Graves' disease. The autoimmune alteration after SAT may lead to the development of Graves' disease in the susceptible patients. These patients should be monitored for the development of Graves' disease.

Tiroiditis granulomatosa de De Quervain: diagnóstico por citología con aspiración por aguja fina / De Quervain's granulomatous thyroiditis: diagnosis by cytology with thin needle

La tiroiditis de De Quervain, también nombrada como tiroiditis subaguda o tiroiditis de células gigantes, frecuentemente es precedida por un cuadro infeccioso del tracto respiratorio superior. Su diagnóstico es eminentemente clínico; pero el uso de la citología por aspiración con aguja fina de tiroides, confirma o niega el planteamiento clínico según las características citológicas. Fue empleada esta técnica en 6 pacientes con clínica y ultrasonido diferentes y por la necesidad de realizar un correcto diagnóstico diferencial con otras formas de hipertiroidismo con peor pronóstico evolutivo. La citología por aspiración con aguja fina mostró en estos casos ser un arma eficaz para ello, por lo que se decidió realizar esta presentación.

De Quervain's thyroiditis, also called sub-acute thyroiditis or thyroiditis of giant cells, is frequently preceded by an infectious picture of the high respiratory tract. Its diagnosis is eminently clinical; but the usage of the cytology by aspiration of the thyroid with thin needle, confirm or denied the clinical conclusions according to the cytological characteristics. This technique was used in six patients with different clinical and ultrasound results, because of the necessity of arriving to a correct differential diagnosis with other forms of hyperthyroidism with worse evolvable diagnosis. The cytology by aspiration with thin needle in these cases showed to be an efficacious weapon for that, so we decided to prepare this presentation.